Adultery (see also breeding biology)
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1. mountain bluebird -- Barash, 1976
2. responses to female adulterer -- Morton, Geitgey & McGrath, 1978
Albinism
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1. eastern bluebird -- Green, 1997; Tucher, 1987
2. eggs -- Gross, 1968
3. eggs of mountain bluebird -- Weydemeyer, 1936
4. fertility of eggs -- Munro, Munro & Rounds, 1981
5. in Alabama bluebirds -- Findlay, 1995
6. incomplete in western bluebird -- Elzroth, 1981
7. leucism in western bluebird -- Ellis & Parrish, 1988
8. Oklahoma Zoo -- Todd, 1988
Altruism
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1. evidence against -- Power, 1975
2. helping by juvenile -- Schutsky, 1980
3. helpers among birds -- Skutch, 1961
4. helping behavior in western bluebirds -- Dickinson, Koenig & Pitelka,
1996
5. helping in western bluebirds -- Dickinson & Akre, 1998
6. immature assists parents -- Renauld & Stoddard, 1992
7. interspecific helpers -- Zingo, 1994
8. juveniles feed new young -- Wetherbee, 1933b
9. male eastern helps female mountain -- Scott, 1971
10. mountain bluebirds -- Emlen & Power, 1976
11. question of -- Power, 1981b
12. searching for in birds -- Power, 1981a
13. violet-green swallows -- Elzroth & Robinson, 1984
14. yearling helps parents -- Pinkowski, 1975b
Banding
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1. as tool to observe nesting -- Laskey, 1943
2. banded bluebird yields facts and speculation -- Tuttle, 1993
3. banding, 1900-1920 -- Pitts, 1994
4. Collyriclum faba: a challenge -- Kibler, 1968b
5. capture techniques -- Gutzke, 1982
6. familial longevity -- Pinkowski, 1974g
7. hand-net capture -- Gutzke, 1981
8. in Ontario -- Krug, 1941
9. no question about -- Jung, 1979
10. part of cooperative project -- Read, 1990b
11. recoveries in South Dakota -- Tallman, 1991
12. recovery -- Chapman, 1942; Potter, 1973
13. recovery data in four states -- Pinkowski, 1971a
14. suggestions at nest boxes -- Yunick, 1990
15. Tennessee bluebird in Alabama -- Laskey, 1955
16. three-year study -- Musselman, 1935
17. tree swallow banding -- Houston & Houston, 1987
18. winter banding-key to migration data -- Patterson, 1979b
Behavior (see also breeding biology)
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1. at nest -- Hartshorne, 1962
2. avia -- Verner, 1975
3. behavior ecology of mountain bluebirds -- Wittbecker, 1987
4. breeding behavior -- Pettingill, 1936
5. behavioral correlates of extra-pair fertilization-- Gowaty & Bridges,
1991
6. captive mountain bluebird -- Pinkowski, 1976g
7. cold winter day -- Parker & Parker, 1950
8. comparative study -- Pinkowski, 1974a
9. correlates with uncertain parentage -- Gowaty & Williams, 1989
10. death of a parent -- Zeleny, 1986c
11. foraging -- Pitelka, 1941
12. foraging and sex -- Power, 1974
13. guide to -- Stokes & Stokes, 1989
14. hunting -- Goldman, 1975
15. male response to female foraging skill -- Gowaty & Guinan, 1997
16. mating and demography -- Gowaty, 1980
17. obedience -- Grout, 1924
18. offspring recognition -- Leonard et al., 1995
19. patterns -- Krieg, 1971
20. persistence -- Herbel, 1924
21. polygynous -- Krueger, 1990
22. posture -- Boone, 1984
23. provisioning not related to offspring sex -- Leonard et al., 1994
24. queer -- Gropius, 1947
25. reaction to infertile eggs -- Zeleny, 1981
26. seasonal ethograms -- Belser, 1981
27. territorial responses to house wrens' song -- Dubois, 1997
28. unusual -- Pinkowski, 1980b
29. unusual in nestling care -- Zeleny, 1970
Bill
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1. cross-billed bluebird -- Jewett, 1930
Bird Baths
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1. clay bird baths -- Hegner, 1907
Bluebird Organizations
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1. study of accomplishments -- Lawson, 1991
2. trails conservation group -- Mackintosh, 1994
Breeding Biology (see also reproduction; sex)
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1. year study of productivity -- Bauldry, Muschitz & Radunzel, 1995
2. aggression to potential egg dumpers -- Gowaty & Wagner, 1988
3. aggression -- Gowtay, 1981a
4. analysis of avifaunas -- Salt, 1957
5. belligerence -- Gowaty, 1985
6. bluebirds in barn swallow nest -- Newforth, 1986
7. body mass variation in breeding birds -- Merkle & Barclay, 1996
8. breeding adaptations -- Pinkowski, 1977d
9. breeding ecology -- Pinkowski, 1974a
10. breeding recovery of banded nestling -- Cink,1991
11. breeding season -- Krieg, 1965
12. breeding season, clutch size and success -- Peakall, 1970
13. breeding strategies -- Crowell & Rothstein, 1981
14. breeding survey -- Arcese & Bauldry, 1997
15. breeding the Mexican bluebird -- Gibson, 1993
16. brood size -- Rounds, 1983
17. captive mountain bluebird -- Pinkowski, 1976g
18. care of young -- Sweeny & Belser, 1980
19. cavities vs. boxes -- Purcell , Verner & Oring, 1997
20. changing mates for second brood -- Nice, 1930
21. comparing hole-nesting birds -- Erskine & McLaren, 1976
22. courtship -- Zeleny, 1971a
23. courtship feeding between two males -- Pinkowski, 1977c
24. displacement -- Power, 1979
25. domestic vicissitudes -- Robinson, 1928
26. ecological analysis -- Salt, 1953
27. ecology of eastern bluebird -- Fiedler, 1974
28. effects of male removal -- Meek & Robertson, 1994a
29. effects of x-irradiation -- Norris, 1958
30. environmental effects -- Brawn, 1991
31. evidence of mate guarding in western bluebirds -- Dickinson &
Leonard, 1996
32. extra-pair fertilizations -- Gowaty & Bridges, 1991
33. extra pair paternity in western bluebirds -- Dickinson & Akre, 1998
34. extra pair paternity revealed by DNA -- Meek, Robertson and Boag,
1994
35. factors in expansion of breeding range -- Ligon, 1969
36. fidelity to nest box and pair bonding -- Hoffman & Pletz, 1988
37. floater males -- Meek & Robertson, 1992
38. getting to know -- Clement, 1987
39. how to attract and raise -- Dew & Layton, 1986
40. in bristlecone pines -- Medin, 1984
41. in cavity nesting birds -- Pogue & Carter, 1995
42. in ponderosa pines -- Brawn, 1985
43. intersexual variation -- With & Balda, 1990
44. limiting factors of recovery -- Wigen-Ayers, 1994
45. male detention affects extra-pair copulation -- Dickinson, 1997
46. male escorting and protecting -- Powers, 1980b
47. male rearing broods -- Tucker, 1990
48. male removal -- Macdougall-Shackleton, Robertson & Boag, 1996
49. mate changing -- Grimm, 1967
50. mate guarding due to competition -- Meek & Robertson, 1994b
51. mate guarding and nest guarding -- Gowaty & Williams, 1989
52. mate guarding, paternity and paternal care -- Macdougall, `1995
53. mating besides polygyny -- Gowaty, 1981b
54. mating systems -- Verner & Willson, 1969
55. multiple maternity and paternity -- Gowaty & Karlin, 1984
56. multiple parentage -- Karlin, Smith, Stephens & Barnhill, 1990;
Simpkin, 1992
57. natal dispersal, patterns of -- Plissner & Gowaty, 1996
58. nesting habits -- Kendall, 1981; Musselman, 1946; Myers, 1912;
Pitts, 1976
59. nesting habits and development -- Donahoe, 1939
60. nestling needs in heat -- Tuttle, 1989b
61. overlap of two broods -- Gowaty, 1983b
62. pair bonds -- Pinkowski, 1974b
63. parental care -- Kendeigh, 1952; With, 1988
64. parental care and monogamy -- Gowaty, 1983a
65. parental investment, maintenance of monogamy -- Meek, 1993
66. paternity and paternal care -- Macdougall-Shackleton & Robertson,
1998
67. paternity and paternal investment -- Kempenaers, Lanctot &
Robertson, 1998
68. polyandry -- Laskey, 1947
69. polygynous behavior -- Krueger, 1990
70. premature fledgling -- Davis, 1994
71. relationship of steroid hormones -- Buschhaus, 1997
72. separation of dependent fledgling -- Pinkowski, 1976b
73. sex-biased provisioning; metabolism -- Droge, Gowaty & Weathers,
1991
74. time and energy budgets -- Buser, 1980
75. tremble-thrusts -- Pinkowski, 1979a
76. two females, one male, fledge eight -- Oakley, 1996; Reed, 1992
77. western bluebirds -- Aylesworth, 1987b; Eltzroth, 1983
78. where fledglings go -- Zeleny, 1987
Cavities, Tree
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1. abundance in red maples -- Boyer, 1976
2. artificial: alternative to nest boxes -- Gano & Mosher, 1983
3. device for examining -- Seidensticker, Kilham & Kilham, 1969
4. snags for secondary nesters -- Cunningham, 1977
5. turning dead tree into house -- Johnson, 1993
6. use -- Pinkowski, 1976a
Chickadee
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1. associated with nuthatches -- Kilham, 1976
2. bluebird hatched and raised by chickadees -- Krueger, 1989; Murphy,
1968
3. bluebirds raise chickadees -- Zinko, Murphy & Rosgen, 1994 & 1995
4. fed by bluebird -- Bender & Bender, 1983
5. hatch and raise bluebird -- Krueger, 1989; Murphy, 1968
Color --see also albinism)
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1. cause of blue in blue jay and bluebird -- Gower, 1936
2. of eggs -- Hutchinson, 1943
Competition (see also specific competitor; pairing)
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1. bluebird vs. downy -- Christman, 1924
2. bluebirds, swallows, wrens -- Reed, 1924
3. bufflehead, bluebird and tree swallow -- Erskine, 1964
4. chickadee -- Goldberg, 1969
5. cowbird -- Painter, 1950
6. deer mouse -- Swenson, 1968
7. double and triple nest boxes -- Gillis & Prescott, 1985
8. eliminating starlings with trap -- Zimmerman, 1985
9. evaluation of nest box sites -- Parren, 1991
10. female bluebird -- Chaplin & Chaplin, 1987
11. female attacks starling -- Solem, 1995
12. flycatchers and titmice compete -- Prescott, 1983
13. flying squirrel -- Stabb, Gartshore & Aird, 1989
14. house wrens -- Varner & Bird, 1975
15. inhibiting bluebird production -- Davis, McComb & Allaire, 1986
16. interspecific: swallows, wrens -- Tuttle, 1991a
17. interspecific: violet-green swallows -- Brawn, 1990
18. intruders -- Gowaty, 1981a
19. mate guarding due to competition -- Meek & Robertson, 1994b
20. nest box use -- Parren, 1989
21. other things in house -- Craven, 1991
22. pairing to reduce -- Prescott, 1982
23. preliminary study -- McLaren, 1963
24. red-cockaded woodpecker -- Jackson, 1978
25. reducing bluebird-swallow -- Prigge, 1981; Prigge, 1982
26. slot-entrance excludes starlings -- McComb, Davis & Allaire, 1987
27. sparrow thwarted by experimental box -- Patterson, 1979
28. starling -- Zeleny, 1968c; Zerhuse, 1984, 1986, 1990, 1992
29. starlings and nest sites -- Davis & McComb, 1989
30. swallows in post-fire areas -- Taylor, 1982
31. tree swallow in bluebird box -- Schwilling, 1990
32. tree swallow nest site -- Cohen, 1976
33. western bluebirds, tree swallows and violet-green swallows --
Gillis, 1989
34. wrens -- Waring, 1912; Zeleny, 1986c
Copulation
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1. flycatcher and bluebird -- Alsop, 1971
Cuckoldry (see also breeding biology)
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1. and human adultery -- Power, 1980a
2. avoiding -- Erickson & Zenone, 1978
3. experiments on -- Power & Doner, 1980
4. kleptogamy not a substitute -- Power, 1984
5. males avoiding, female dominance -- Power, 1979
Eggs
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1. albinistic -- Gross, 1968
2. air cell development and mass changes -- Pitts, 1995
3. attempt to increase number -- Nash, 1942
4. clutch size -- Crowell & Rothstein, 1981
5. color -- Hutchinson, 1943
6. DDT residues in bluebird and flicker eggs -- Olson, Meeker & Henny,
1977
7. effect of nesting history -- Pinkowski, 1979e
8. eggshell changes during incubation -- Pitts & Martin, 1989
9. fertility of albinistic -- Munro, Munro & Rounds, 1981
10. incubation -- Zeleny, 1974b
11. incubation by male -- Findlay, 1989b
12. incubation period -- Butcher, 1988
13. miniature -- Zeleny, 1983b
14. prolonged incubation -- Pinkowski, 1974c
15. reaction to infertile -- Zeleny, 1981
16. runt -- Mulvihill, 1981
17. time of day of laying -- Meek & Robertson, 1995
18. time budget and incubation rhythm -- Pinkowski, 1979b
19. unusual eggs on Oregon trail -- Eltzroth, 1995
20. unusual western -- Hayes, 1985
21. western bluebird -- Prill, 1892
22. white, of mountain bluebird -- Weydemeyer, 1936
Entrance hole
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1. allowing starling entrance -- Lehmann, 1997
2. large -- Aylesworth, 1984
3. preferred size for mountain bluebird -- Haterman, 1988
4. size for mountain bluebird -- Zeleny, 1985a
5. slot attitude preferences -- Black, 1998
6. slot-entrance excludes starlings -- McComb, Davis & Allaire, 1987
Environment
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1. education -- Pearman, 1986
2. effects on reproductive traits -- Brawn, 1991
3. effects of high-voltage powerlines -- Doherty & Grubb, 1996
4. environmental correlates of extra pair fertilization -- Gowaty &
Bridges, 1991
5. landscape modification, patch selection in clearcuts -- Holt &
Martin, 1997
6. responses to -- Linsdale, 1938
7. studies during construction of golfing community -- Holliman, 1997
Eyesight
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1. bluebird -- Preston & McCormick, 1948
2. contrasting oculomotor strategies -- Wallman & Pettigrew, 1985
Feeding (see also altruism)
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1. allocation of time and energy -- Mock, 1991
2. bluebird feeder -- Robertson, 1979
3. chickadee by bluebird -- Bender & Bender, 1983
4. easy feeding -- Zickefoose, 1997a
5. feeder experiment -- Nalisnik & Nalisnik, 1992
6. interspecific -- McNair, & Duyck, 1991
7. juveniles feed new young -- Wetherbee, 1933b
8. male eastern helps female mountain -- Scott, 1971
9. mealworm box -- Coleman, 1995
10. mocking bird nestlings by bluebird -- Carr & Goin,1965
11. mountain bluebird young -- Grass, 1970
12. need for -- Finch, 1987
13. nestlings and fledglings -- Pinkowski, 1978d
14. nestlings by juveniles -- Dew & Dew, 1987
15. on winter stoneflies -- Pinkowski, 1976f
16. rate influences fledgling -- Plissner, Gowaty & Lanham, 1987
17. sheltered feeder -- Gourlay, 1979
18. starling-proof feeder -- Green, 1986
19. training to use feeder -- Cromack, 1987
20. two males at same nest -- Pinkowski, 1978a
21. watering ponds -- Evans & Krebs, 1977
22. yearling helps feed -- Pinkowski, 1976b
Flycatcher
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1. ash-throated raises bluebird -- Simpkin & Gubanich, 1991
2. great crested, copulating -- Alsop, 1971
Food
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1. bird -- Forbes, 1903
2. bluebird -- Boone, 1979; Davison, 1962
3. cold weather -- Pitts, 1979
4. energy allocation to reproduction, maintenance -- Garcia, Merkle &
Barclay, 1993
5. guide to good habits -- Martin, Zim & Nelson, 1951
6. insects for mountain bluebid -- Knowlton & Harmston, 1946
7. monitoring intake -- Kaprielian, Dierenfeld & Pickarz, 1996.
8. multiflora rose hips -- Huber, 1981
9. nestling -- Pitts, 1978b
10. of uncommon birds -- Cottam & Knapper, 1939
11. peanut hearts -- Fast, 1955
12. plant succession -- Hamilton & Noble, 1975
13. plantings -- Blackburn, 1991b; Grant, 1979
14. robin and bluebird -- Bealt, 1915
15. seeds for bluebird trails -- Tuttle, 1979
16. tree seeds -- Eastman, 1960
17. western & mountain bluebird -- Herlugson, 1982
18. winter feeding -- Sheldon, 1997
19. winter plants -- Pitts et al., 1989
Foraging Ecology
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1. behavior -- Pinkowski,1977b; Pitelka, 1941
2. behavior and sex -- Power, 1974
3. behavior and sexual differences -- Power, 1980c
4. geographic variation in oak woods -- Block, 1990
5. habitat utilization -- Pinkowski, 1979d
6. hover foraging of western bluebirds -- Herlugson, 1983b
Forest Management
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1. avian communities in coniferous forest -- Wiens, 1976, 1978
2. avifauna and succession in Douglas-fir - Meslow & Wigth, 1975
3. benefits of fire -- Lowe, 1975
4. bird population after timber harvesting --Franzerb, 1977
5. bud communities in coniferous forest -- Snyder, 1950
6. clearcuts -- Wilde, 1977a
7. clearcutting effects on birds and mammals -- Ambrose, 1975
8. decay, snags, and hole-nesting birds -- McClelland, 1977
9. effects in pine forests -- Wood & Niles, 1978
10. effects on cavity nesters -- Zarnowitz & Manuwal,1985
11. fire and birds -- Marshall, 1963
12. fire and logging effects on birds -- Pinkowski, 1977a
13. fires and nesting cycles -- Taylor, 1979
14. for hole-nesting birds -- McClelland, Fischer, & Halvorson, 1977
15. fragmentation: effect on population -- Rottings, 1979
16. identifying for hole-nesting birds - McClelland & Frissel, 1975
17. influence of succession on animals -- Hooven, 1969
18. insectivorous birds -- Beebe, 1974
19. landscape modification, patch selection in clearcuts -- Holt &
Martin, 1997
20. life history and reproduction in deciduous forests -- Brewer &
Swander, 1977
21. managing cavity trees -- DeGraff & Shigo, 1985
22. non-game birds -- Canutt & Poppino, 1978
23. oak-pine, oak-hickory -- Evans, 1978
24. plant succession -- Hamilton & Noble, 1975
25. ponderosa pine snags -- Scott, 1978
26. productivity and habitat preference on managed land -- VanHorn &
Bacon, 1989
27. rangeland avifaunas -- Wiens & Dyer, 1975
28. regulation of insect Carlson, 1976
29. snags, fires, insects, diseases and decay -- Fischer & McClelland,
1983
30. wildlife and western juniper -- Maser & Gashwiler, 1977
31. wildlife habitats in managed forests -- Thomas, 1978
Fostering
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1. adoption by replacement males -- Meek & Robertson, 1991
2. ash-throated flycatcher raises bluebird -- Simkin & Gubanich, 1991
3. bluebirds fledge from sparrow's nest -- Huber, 1993
4. bluebirds fledge robin -- MacNeil, 1991
5. bluebird hatched and raised by chickadees -- Krueger, 1989; Murphy,
1968
6. bluebirds raise chickadees -- Zinko, Murphy & Rosgen, 1994 & 1995
7. by female mountain bluebird -- Hayes, Felton & Cohen, 1985
8. by sparrows -- Sturm & Zeleny, 1977
9. foster parents -- Barber, 1996
10. orphans & foster parents -- Germond, 1991
11. pygmy nuthatch feeds nestlings -- Pinkowski, 1980a
12. robin from bluebird box -- MacNeil, 1991
13. swallows by male bluebird -- Naber & Naber, 1990
14. transplanting orphans -- Hiller & Boozer, 1982
15. tufted titmouse egg by bluebird -- Acopians, 1990
Genetics
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1. evolutionary -- Avise, Patton & Aguadro, 1980
Growth
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1. age-dependent changes -- Gard & Hooper, 1993
2. aspartic acid indications of age -- Hunter, 1989
3. body mass variation in breeding birds -- Merkle & Barclay, 1996
4. development -- Pinkowski, 1975c
5. energetics in different-aged fledglings -- Mock, Khubesrian &
Larcheveque,1991
6. growth of birds that fledge at different ages -- Mock, Khubersrian &
Larcheveque, 1991
7. nestling mountain bluebirds -- Herlugson, 1983a
8. photoperiodic effect on molt -- Pinkowki, 1976c
9. reliability of aging by feathers -- Plissner, Wagner & Gowaty, 1994
10. reproduction energetics -- Mock, 1990
Guards, Predator (see also predation, predators)
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1. Bird Guardian tests -- Berner, 1991
2. cat and 'coon guard -- Fitzgerald, 1994
3. cat and 'coon guard update -- Fitzgerald, 1995
4. deterrent devices -- Berner, 1990
5. experimental snake guard -- Hoffman, 1986
6. guards -- US Fish & Wildlife, 1976
7. guard foils -- Hatchings, 1991
8. Jim Noel's cat and coon guard -- Noel, 1991
9. Noel guard stops raccoons -- Barber, 1993
10. raccoon guard experiments -- Sedlacek, 1987
11. raccoon guards -- Curtis, 1991
12. snake guard -- Kingston, 1991
13. snake trap -- Krueger, 1991a
14. update on Noel guards -- Barber, 1996
15. wooden -- Cohen, 1998
Habitat
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1. avian community associates -- Niemi & Jannmuller, 1979
2. bluegrass -- Davis, 1989
3. characterizations of -- Pogue & Schnell, 1994
4. clearcut pine plantation -- Hurst, 1979
5. clearcutting -- Ambrose, 1975; Conner & Adlisson, 1974
6. coniferous forest -- Wiens, 1975, 1978
7. creating a summer oasis -- Shalaway, 1997
8. disturbance and decline in pine barrrens -- Kerlinger & Doremus, 1981
9. effects of microhabitat on nest box selection, productivity -- Scott,
Lockwood & Moulton, 1993
10. forest management for birds -- Canutt & Popino, 1978
11. geographic variation on western bluebird -- Ridgway, 1894
12. home range in South Carolina -- Hugh, 1988
13. influence of characteristics on box selection -- Horn et al., 1996
14. irrigated river valleys -- Newhouse, 1960
15. lodgepole pine forest -- Austin & Perry, 1979
16. managed forests -- Thomas, 1979
17. management -- Verner, 1975
18. managing for hole-nesting birds -- McClelland, Fischer & Halvorson,
1977
19. oak-hickory forest -- Hardin & Evans, 1977
20. oak-juniper -- Balda, 1969
21. pine forests -- Brawn, 1987a
22. pine plantations -- Hurst, 1983b
23. ponderosa pine -- Balda, 1969; Brawn, 1985
24. preference -- Devlin & Willner, 1982
25. preference on managed lands -- VanHorn, & Bacon, 1989
26. relationship of birds and plant succession, -- Meslow, 1978
27. Savannah River -- Allen, 1988
28. seasonal home ranges -- Savereno, 1991
29. snag, old growth and riparian -- Bull, 1978
30. structure -- Wilson, 1974
31. structure around nests -- Otello, 1982; Otello & Finn, 1982
32. suitability -- Lancia & Adams, 1985
33. use -- Allen, 1988
34. utilization and foraging -- Pinkowski, 1979d
35. vegetation structure -- Balda, 1975
36. vertical utilization of -- Sweeny, 1981
37. woodpeckers in forest burn -- Harris, 1982
History
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1. banding, 1900-1920 -- Pitts, 1994
2. bluebird conservation -- Zeleny, 1983a
3. cavity-nesting birds -- Adkisson, 1988
4. complicated -- Wetherbee, 1933a
5. establishing -- Tuttle, 1989a
6. factors affecting natural increase -- Brewer & Swander, 1977
7. North American Birds -- Baird, Brewer & Ridgway, 1974
8. philosophical, natural -- Hutchinson, 1943
9. thrushes -- Bent, 1949
Hybrids
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1. eastern x mountain -- Gatz, Quanrud & Randell, 981; Lane, 1968a;
Lane, 1968b; Rounds & Munore, 1982
2. hybrid bluebird in Todd County -- Millard, 1994
3. mountain x eastern -- Steblay, 1986; Aylesworth, 1987a
4. Nebraska -- Wilson et al., 1985
5. nesting in Manitoba -- Spear, 1975
6. Pine Ridge -- Minyard, Bray, Wilson & Minyard, 1985
7. update -- Wilson, Minyard & Minyard, 1986
Identification
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1. of second year and after -- Pitts, 1985
2. reliability of aging by feathers -- Plissner, Wagner & Gowaty, 1994
Impacts
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1. avian on pinyon-juniper -- Balda, 1987
2. of human visitations -- Bart, 1977
Mexico
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1. new Sialia -- Oberholer, 1917
2. new birds -- Anthony, 1889
3. new races of Sialia -- Moore, 1939
Mice
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1. in nest boxes on interstates -- Hsu & Humpert, 1988; Hsu & Peterle,
1989
Migration
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1. autumn in central south -- Purrintgon, 1979
2. autumn in Hudson-Delaware area -- Paxton, Boyle & Cutter 1983, 1978
3. autumn, maritime -- Forster, 1987
4. Christmas -- Layton, 1989
5. fall in South Dakota -- Tallman & Montgomery, 1979
6. fall migrants attracted -- Potter, 1968
7. flyways -- Escott, 1987
8. return rates -- Bauldry, Biemborn & Arcese -- 1996
9. robins and thrushes in Calgary -- Butot, 1978b
10. spring in maritimes -- Vickery, 1980
11. spring in middlewestern prairie -- Kleen, 1979
12. spring in midwest prairie -- Peterjohn, 1982
13. spring in prairie province -- Gollop, 1984
14. spring in Quebec -- Gosselin, 1983
15. times -- Little, 1993
16. winter banding, key -- Patterson, 1979b
Models
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1. for snag-nesting birds -- Balda, Gaud & Brawn, 1983
2. use of Mayfield Method to predict daily survival -- Schmidt, 1993
Mortality
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1. bluebird -- Blake, 1954; Musselman, 1941
2. broken necks -- Broman, 1995
3. carbaryl suspected -- Kreuger, 1988
4. longevity records -- Klimkiewicz, Clapp & Futcher, 1983
5. of banded bluebirds -- Pitts & Snow, 1996
6. red squirrel -- Allan, 1978
7. snowstorm-related -- Eller, 1988
8. tick paralysis -- Pitts & Hayes, 1990
9. tragedies -- Gardner, 1926
10. western bluebirds -- Eltzroth, 1983
11. winter roost -- Pitts, 1978c
Nest Boxes (see also nesting boxes; Peterson box; PVC)
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1. analysis of use by mountain bluebirds -- Monroe, 1981
2. artificial cavity alternative -- Gano & Mosher, 1983
3. availability, effect on breeding -- Gowaty & Bridges, 1991
4. better housing project -- Schrieber, 1938
5. black bear damage -- Tardell & Doerr, 1982
6. blowfly reduction -- Campbell, 1982
7. bluebird and other species -- Kelly, 1968
8. buoy bird box -- Navtratil, 1998a
9. building -- Browning, 1988; Carter, 1938; Zeleny, 1986a
10. choice by swallows, wrens, bluebirds and starlings -- Lumsden, 1986
11. clay -- Hegner, 1907
12. clearcut pine plantation -- Hurst, Warren & Grant, 1979
13. comparison of styles -- Berner, 1995
14. defense by western bluebirds -- Brawn, 1984
15. designing better -- Pitts, 1978a
16. easily made -- Woodward, 1973
17. easy to clean -- Bullerman, 1992
18. effects of not monitoring -- Davis, 1993b
19. effects of size on nest -- Pitts, 1988b
20. eight-year survey -- Peterson, 1969
21. experimental -- Bittner, 1997: Campbell, 1984; Sloan, 1970
22. field tests of several styles -- Berner & Pleines, 1993
23. front-opening design -- Pollock, 1988
24. front-opening with slot -- Tuttle, 1990
25. hanging -- Navratil, 1998
26. homes for birds -- US Fish & Wildlife, 1979
27. importance of location -- Zeleny, 1985b & 1988
28. influence of habitat on nest box selection -- Horn, et al., 1996
29. interpretive -- Tuttle, 1981
30. Kentucky -- Hurst, 1984
31. loblolly pine plantation -- Hurst, 1983a
32. making sparrow-free -- Varner, 1964
33. mounting -- Prescott, 1982
34. new box to discourage sparrows -- Theisinger, 1984
35. new for highway rights-of-way -- Peterson, 1987
36. observation of small -- Mighton, 1982
37. observations -- Kenitz, 1991
38. Ohio interstates -- Hsu & humpers, 1988; Hsu & Peterle, 1989
39. orientation and spacing -- Parren, 1994
40. plastic jugs -- Stewart, 1976b; Zeleny, 1983c
41. platforms -- Burtt, 1979
42. plea for -- Clark, 1904
43. preferences -- Lumsden, 1989
44. protection from predators -- Patterson, 1981
45. reinforcing with wire cable -- Cohen, 1984
46. restrictor -- Gutzke, 1983a
47. seasonal conversion -- Macbeth, 1993
48. selection of artificial -- Munro, Munro & Rounds, 1985
49. shallow slotbox -- Davis, 1992
50. sign mounted work -- Tuttle & Caldwell, 1985
51. slash pine plantation -- Caine & Marion, 1991
52. sparrow inhibiting -- Davis, 1993c
53. sparrow use of small box -- Trickey, 1984
54. sparrows shun -- Baxter, 1982
55. specifications -- Stiles, 1992
56. squirrel damage to -- Wilde, 1977b
57. success of mountain and western bluebird -- Caddell, 1992
58. temperatures -- Patterson, 1980
59. tree branch box -- Zuern, 1994a, b, 1995, 1997
60. tree swallow extra-pair paternity, not an artifact of nestboxes --
Barber, Robertson & Boag, 1996
61. type to use -- Grant, 1988
62. unusual designs -- Bittner, 1993
63. use of -- Kristensen et al., 1997; Tomlinson & Haines, 1980
64. utilization by bluebird & wren -- Patterson, 1969
65. utilization of -- Maunz & Morris, 1979
66. white or black for bluebirds; sparrows -- Pitts, 1977
67. wooden, for cavity nesters -- Gary & Morris, 1980
68. wooden, in bluegrass -- Davis, 1989
Nesting
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1. bluebird -- Harper, 1926
2. bluebird in cliff swallow nest -- Preston, 1938; Weeks, 1995
3. cavity nesters -- Ditman, 1995
4. destruction by house wrens -- Belles-Isles & Picman, 1996
5. early -- Stevenson, 1932
6. eastern bluebird -- Hamilton, 1943
7. function of sticks in house wren nests -- Alworth, 1996
8. habits -- Stockard, 1905
9. impact from humans -- Bart, 1977
10. in dryer vent -- Koonz, 1993
11. late -- Ripy, 1974; Whiteman, 1946
12. materials used -- Tate, 1926
13. mountain bluebirds -- Bardon, 1991
14. northern Idaho -- Hand, 1939
15. notes on -- Low, 1933
16. observations by bird banding -- Lasey, 1942
17. on mined lands -- Allaire, 1976
18. over water -- Tuttle, 1991d
19. re-mating -- Broderick, 1938
20. study -- Laskey, 1939b; Rustad, 1972a
21. study of mountain bluebird -- Haecker, 1948
22. success in parkways -- Atkinson, 1990
23. tree swallow study -- Rustad, 1972b
24. triple -- Taylor, 1984
25. unusual -- Sprunt, 1946
26. unusual mountain bluebird -- Murie, 1934
27. miles to renest -- Scott & Lane, 1974
Nesting Sites
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1. attachment to and reproductive efficiency -- Pinel, 1980
2. between-year site fidelity -- Ingold, 1996
3. characteristics of western bluebird -- Sims, 1983
4. dipper nest by mountain bluebird -- Calder, 1970
5. evaluation of -- Parren, 1991, 1992
6. fenceposts -- Pierson & Scanlon, 1986
7. forest edge selection by tree swallows -- Rendell & Robertson, 1990
8. hat trick -- Elphinstone, 1986
9. investigating by video camera -- Proudfoot, 1996
10. livestock guards help -- Tuttle, 1982
11. mountain bluebird in Cimarron County (OK) -- Shackford & Grisby,
1993
12. natural vs. artificial -- Brawn, 1988
13. natural, of mountain bluebird -- Thompson, 1987
14. nest box sites, selection by bluebirds, swallows, wrens -- Parren,
1991
15. nest-site relationships among cavity-nesting birds -- Dobkin et al.,
1995
16. oil burners -- Partin, 1958
17. old nest material, effects on tree swallow nest choice & building --
Rendell & Verbeck, 1996c
18. on mined lands -- Allaire, 1979
19. partitioning in oak woodland -- Owens, 1984
20. ponderosa made for bluebirds -- Pinkowski, 1981
21. remote natural -- Kiviat, 1982
22. selection -- Kruger, 1985a; Pinkowski, 1970c
23. selection by mountain bluebirds -- Herlugson, 1981
24. selection in high forest drainage -- Li & Martin, 1991
25. selection of artificial -- Rounds, 1985
26. tree swallow -- Cohen, 1976
27. treeless lava flows -- Rich, 1984
28. unusual -- Horn, 1969; McCaha & Bay, 1998
29. use by cavity nesters -- Gauthier & Peterson, 1985
30. utilization of natural -- Pierson, 1978
Nesting Success
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1. breeding season and clutch size -- Peakall, 1970
2. causes of failure -- Peters et al., 1998
3. comparison of old and new trails -- Cousineau & Morse, 1986
4. dispersal dependent on -- Gowaty & Plissner, 1997
5. effects of old nest material on tree swallow success -- Rendell &
Verbeck, 1996
6. guide to -- Scriven, 1989
7. guide to attracting -- Stokes & Stokes, 1991
8. in clearcuts -- Conner & Adkisson, 1974
9. in high forest drainage -- Li & Martin, 1991
10. in house under construction -- Laskey, 1971
11. in Myles Standish State Forest -- Carter, 1992
12. in Orange County, CA -- Purvis, 1997
13. influenced by carbaryl -- Bednarck & Davidson, 1967
14. insecticides as factor -- Jaco & Hulse, 1963
15. long term study -- Radunzel et al., 1997
16. key to cause of failure -- Pinkowski, 1975a
17. mountain bluebird management -- Shantz, 1986
18. notes -- Bowman, 1960
19. techniques to improve -- Swanson, 1980
20. unsuccessful -- Quinn, 1956
21. western bluebird -- Sims, 1983
Pairing (see also swallow)
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1. attraction to -- Plissner & Gowaty, 1995
2. bluebird-swallow balance -- Boone, 1982
3. double and triple boxes -- Gillis & Prescott, 1985
4. double nesting -- Orthwein, 1998
5. experience with paired boxes -- Eno, 1997
6. friendly competition -- Toops, 1995
7. nesting activity & feeding patterns -- Palahniuk, 1994; Palahniuk &
Bakko, 1995
8. observations -- Berner, 1998
9. success -- Gardner & Stiles, 1985
10. to reduce competition -- Prescott, 1982
Parasitism
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1. acanthocephalan -- Thompson-Crowley et al., 1979
2. arthropods in nest boxes -- Eckerlin, 1996
3. blowflies -- Johnson, 1932; Mason, 1944; Roby, Brink & Wittman, 1992;
Zeleny, 1986d
4. blowflies and nestling development -- Wittman, 1990
5. blowflies and parasitic wasps -- Darling & Thomas-Delaney -- 1993
6. blowflies in natural and artificial nests -- Pinkowski, 1977e
7. blowfly effects on nestlings -- Wittmann & Beason, 1992
8. blowfly larvae -- Demas, 1989
9. blowfly larvae, fire ant predation -- Sims, 1995
10. conspecific nest -- Gowaty & Bridges, 1991
11. control in nest boxes -- Jackson, 1985a
12. cowbird -- Friedman, 1934; Pinkowski, 1974f
13. cowbird, brown-headed -- Woodward & Woodward, 1979
14. eastern bluebird -- Roberts, 1981
15. ectoparasites, old nest material -- Rendell &Verbeck, 1996a
16. endoparasitism -- Elzroth, Cromack & Thompson-Cowley, 1980
17. external parasites -- Peters, 1936
18. in starling -- Musselman, 1942
19. insects -- Kenaga, 1961
20. invertebrate fauna in nests -- Chow, Burtt & Johnston, 1983
21. nasal mites -- Pence, 1973a, 1973b
22. nematodes -- Pence, 1972
23. nest box to reduce blowflies -- Campbell, 1982
24. northern fowl mites -- Neece, 1990
25. removal of old nest material -- Johnson, 1996; Pacejka & Thompson,
1996
26. role of arthropods -- Jackson, 1985b
27. trematodes -- Kibler, 1968b, 1968c; Pinkowski, 1976e
28. worms in nasal passages -- Hyland & Ford, 1962
Perches
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1. natural -- Betts, 1980
Pesticides
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1. carbaryl on nesting success -- Bednarak & Davidson, 1967
2. carbaryl suspected in death -- Kreuger, 1988
3. contamination and eggshell characteristics -- Den, 1985
4. DDT and bluebird and wren nestings -- Thomas & McClusky,1974
5. DDT effects on wren and bluebird reproduction -- McClusky, Thomas &
Meslow, 1977
6. DDT residues in eggs -- Henny, Olson & Meeker, 1977
7. dioxin sludges and wild birds -- Thiel et al., 1988
8. effects of 2, 4, 5-T on birds -- Martin, 1966
9. effects of toxins -- King, 1998
10. embryotoxicity -- Nosek et al., 1993
11. herbicides, dead tree swallows -- Stiles, 1992
12. insecticides as factor in nesting success -- Jaco & Hulse, 1963
13. organochlorine contaminants in foodweb -- Hebert et al., 1994.
14. rotene for boxes -- Potter, 1967
15. use in nest boxes -- Kruger, 1985b
16. use near birds -- Jackson, 1985a
Peterson Box (see also nest boxes)
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1. about the box - Scriven, 1998
2. dissecting the box -- Berner, 1998
3. entrance hole -- Davis, 1997
4. starlings find box no challenge -- Kridler, 1990
5. testing -- Davis, 1995b
Photography
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1. of bluebird -- Hegner, 1899
Population
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1. breeding density in ponderosa pines -- Brawn, Boeklen & Balda, 1987
2. causes of decline -- Prescott, 1980
3. census methods -- Pinkowski, 1982
4. changes after timber harvesting -- Franzerb, 1977
5. decline -- Atkinson, 1974
6. dispersals -- Tuttle, 1991b, 1991c
7. demographic correlates of extra pair fertilization -- Gowaty &
Bridges, 1991
8. eastern bluebirds density in southeast -- Dupree, 1985
9. effects of winter on -- Pitts, 1978d
10. effects of 2, 4, 5-T on -- Martin, 1966
11. estimates of trends -- Geissler & Noon, 1981
12. factors influencing in Manitoba -- Miller, 1970
13. fire effect -- Clark, 1935
14. five-year experience -- Sister Barbara Ann, 1970
15. fluctuations -- Pitts, 1981
16. historical changes -- Pitts, 1984
17. increase in mountain bluebirds -- Henderson, 1903
18. influence of forest succession -- Hooven, 1969
19. lowland hard communities -- Samson, 1979
20. nest sites limit -- Brawn & Balda, 1988
21. New Mexico -- Tatschl, 1967
22. pine habitat -- Brawn, 1985
23. rebound in Mississippi -- Murray, 1993
24. recent trends -- Sauer & Droege, 1990
25. seasonal densities in pinelands -- Guillory, Allen, Stagg & Parris,
1989
26. status of birds in Alaska -- Ritchie & Ambrose, 1992
27. status in Oklahoma -- Tylker & Bechtold, 1996
28. sympatric western and mountain bluebirds -- Herlugson, 1980
29. trends -- Andrews & Bock, 1979
30. western and mountain bluebird in Washington -- Herlugson, 1978
31. winter abundance -- Root & Andrews, 1981
Power
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1. reply to -- Barash, 1980
Predation (see also guards and predators)
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1. avian, on nestlings -- Pearman, 1991
2. black rat snake -- Hensley & Smith, 1986
3. bluebird on shrew -- Pinkowski, 1974d
4. bluebird vs. meadow vole -- Sindelar, 1967
5. bluebirds and thrasher on snake -- Flanigan, 1971
6. by house sparrow -- Gowaty, 1984
7. eastern chipmunk -- Miller, 1968
8. enemies -- Lane, 1971
9. gopher snake attraction to nests -- Eichholz & Koenig, 1992
10. kestrel on nestling bluebird -- Havera & Havera, 1983
11. netting, protection from snakes -- Blair, 1993
12. nest lowering to prevent -- Read, 1988
13. new threats -- Robbins, 1988
14. possible by ants -- Hurst, 1980a
15. possible by fire ants -- Hurst, 1980b
16. protection -- Bole, 1905
17. PVC elbow -- Cash, 1990
18. raccoon, tests -- Berner, McGettigan & Krieger, 1991
19. reducing -- Boone, 1981
20. snake -- Laskey, 1946
21. sparrow hawk -- Drinkwater, 1953
22. tangletrap for snakes -- Davis, 1988
23. wren on eggs and nestlings -- Quinn & Holroyd, 1989
Predators
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1. birds on spruce beetles -- Baldwin, 1968
2. deer mouse -- Swenson, 1968
3. discouraging -- Fuerst, 1988
4. experiments with raccoons -- Davis, 1993a
5. female sparrow on nestlings -- Zeleny, 1984a
6. protecting nest box from -- Patterson, 1981; Wood, 1996
7. raccoons -- Davis, 1995a
8. raccoon, cat and squirrel -- Cash, 1990
9. snakes -- de Waard, 1984
PVC
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1. house attracts bluebirds, not sparrows -- Gilbertson, 1991
2. nest boxes, sparrow resistant -- Kriedler, 1988
3. plastic elbow vs. predation -- Cash, 1990
4. PVC nest box update -- Gilbertson, 1993
Races
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1. middle-American bluebird races -- Webster, 1973
2. new Sialia in Mexico -- Moore, 1939; Oberholster, 1917
3. new birds in Mexico -- Anthony, 1889
4. new bluebird in El Salvador -- Dickey & van Rossen, 1930
5. new in Mexico -- Anthony, 1889
6. new in North America -- Bangs, 1898
7. new subspecies from Nicaragua -- Howell, 1965
Records (see also Hybrids)
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1. early nesting -- Taylor, 1947
2. early, 1945 and 1946 -- Brigham, 1946
3. eastern bluebird in Alberta -- Butot, 1978a; Salt, 1978
4. eastern bluebird in Long Islang -- Black, 1970
5. eastern female in Alberta -- Horn, 1985
6. longevity -- Kennard, 1975
7. Minnesota's first mountain bluebird nest -- Janssen, 1990
8. mountain and western bluebird, winter in Montana, -- Weydermeyer,
1935
9. mountain bluebird in Illinois -- Bohlen, 1982
10. mountain bluebird in Iowa -- Livingston, 1985; Thelen, 1989; Van Dyk,
1981
11. mountain bluebird in Michigan -- Ilnicky, 1984
12. mountain bluebird in Minnesota -- Hiemenz, Voth & Friedrich, 1935;
LaFond, 1978; Olin, 1943
13. mountain bluebird in Mississippi -- Whittington, 1980
14. mountain bluebird in North Carolina -- Boozer, 1986
15. mountain bluebird in North Dakota -- Kermott, Field & Trott, 1974
16. mountain bluebird in Okalahoma -- Riggs, 1956
17. mountain bluebird in Pennsylvania -- Wiltraut, 1986
18. mountain bluebird in Washington -- Edson, 1926
19. mountain bluebird in Wisconsin -- Brandel, 1984; Feeney; 1968;
Follen, 1980; Idzikowski, 1988
20. mountain bluebirds, winter in Montana -- Weydemeyer, 1929
21. Northwest Territories -- Lok & Vank, 1986
22. southernmost mountain bluebird -- Church, 1982
23. western bluebird in Alberta -- Elphinstone, Spalding, & Bargman,
1984
24. western bluebird in Oklahoma -- Carter, 1971, 1972
25. wintering bluebird in British Columbia -- Weber et al., 1983
Rehabilitation
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1. bluebird rehabilitation -- Schaefer, 1984
Reproduction (see also breeding biology)
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1. annual productivity, measurement -- Pinkowski, 1979g
2. effects of DDT on -- McCuskey, Thomas & Meslow, 1977
3. effects of density -- Brawn, 1987b
4. effects of life history factors -- Brewer & Swander, 1977
5. effects of winter on -- Pitts, 1978d
6. environmental effects -- Brawn, 1991
7. error in adoption -- Plissner & Gowaty, 1988
8. fourth nesting -- Krueger, 1991b
9. growth energetics -- Mock, 1990
10. in pine plantations -- Hurst, 1983b
11. mountain bluebird -- Swenson, 1985
12. productivity -- Kruger, 1985a
13. productivity and habitat preference -- Van Horn & Bacon, 1989
14. site of attachment of -- Pinel, 1980
15. three broods -- Johnson, 1983
Roosting
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1. communal in winter -- Frazier & Nolan, 1959
2. monitoring in winter -- Green, 1987
3. roosting boxes, banding in winter -- Patterson, 1979b
4. winter site management -- Tuttle, 1987b
Science
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1. helps bluebird -- Arehart-Treichel, 1983
Sex
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1. criteria for sexing juveniles -- Pinkowski, 1974e
2. evolution of foraging behavior -- Power, 1974
3. identification of females -- Dunn, 1981
4. intersexual variation -- With & Balda, 1990
5. manipulation of sex ratios -- Gowaty, 1991
6. ratios -- Lombardo, 1982
7. sex-biased provisioning -- Droge, Gowaty & Weathers, 1991
8. sexual dimorphism -- Verner & Willson, 1969
Snags
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1. artification in slash pine plantations -- Caine & Marion, 1991
2. cavities for secondary nesters -- Cunningham, 1977
3. for cavity nesters -- Conner, 1978
4. hole-nesting birds -- McClelland, 1977
5. loblolly pine nesting boxes in -- Hurst, 1983a
6. management -- Bull, 1978; Evans & Conner, 1979
Song
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1. bluebird as mimic -- Saunders, 1887
2. development -- Haartshorne, 1962
3. mountain and western bluebird -- Weydemeyer, 1934
4. mountain bluebird -- Lumley, 1934
5. observations on vocalizations -- Pinkowski, 1971b
6. spectrogram classification -- Pinkowski, 1996
Sparrows, House
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1. as foster parents -- Sturm & Zeleny, 1977
2. begging calls, individual & sex variation in -- Mock & Koenig, 1997
3. competition thwarted by experimental box -- Patterson, 1979
4. foiling -- Davis, 1991
5. kills nestlings -- Zeleny, 1984a
6. making trail sparrow-free -- Varner, 1964
7. predation by -- Gowaty, 1984
8. removal of nests -- McGrath, 1987
9. solenoid trap for -- Green, 1990
10. shun nest box -- Baxter, 1982
11. trap for -- Green, 1984; Therrien, 1996
12. use of small box -- Trickey, 1984
13. white or black boxes? -- Pitts, 1977
Squirrel
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1. damage to nest boxes -- Wilde, 1977b
2. flying squirrel competition -- Stabb, Gartshore & Aird, 1989
3. mortality of red -- Allan, 1978
Starlings
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1. age-dependent changes in bluebirds, starlings -- Gard & Hooper, 1993
2. choice of nest box -- Lumsden, 1986
3. eliminating with trap -- Zimmerman, 1985
4. movements -- Stewart, 1976a
5. nest site competition -- Zerhause, 1984, 1986, 1990, 1992
6. nest sites -- Davis & McComb, 1989
7. Peterson box no challenge to starlings -- Kridler, 1990
8. relation to other species -- Ferguson, 1936
9. slot-entrance excludes -- McComb, Davis & Allaire, 1987
10. starling-proof feeder -- Green, 1986
11. tests on hole sizes allowing entrance -- Lehmann, 1997
Swallows, Tree (see also pairing)
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1. AGT feather care "boxes" -- Olorenshaw, 1996
2. balance with bluebirds -- Boone, 1982
3. banding -- Houston & Houston, 1987
4. bluebirds -- Hersey, 1933
5. breeding season -- Krieg, 1965
6. choice of nest box -- Lumsden, 1986, 1989
7. effects of late snowstorm -- Houston, 1982
8. nest site characteristics of natural cavities -- Rendell & Robertson,
1989
9. nest site selection -- Cohen, 1976
10. nesting in bluebird box -- Schwilling, 1990
11. nesting study on bluebird trail -- Rustad, 1972b
12. old nest material, effects on tree swallow nest choice, building --
Rendell & Verbeck, 1996c
13. Oregon, Washington and British Columbia -- Gillis, 1989
14. pairing to reduce competition -- Prescott, 1982
15. raised on bluebird trail -- Bartel, 1981
16. six-year study -- Tuttle, 1987a
17. tree swallow extra-pair paternity, not an artifact of nestboxes --
Barber, Robertson, & Boag, 1996
18. use of bluebird trail -- Halvorsen & Bacon, 1983
Swallows, Violet-green
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1. interspecific competition -- Brawn, 1990
2. Oregon, Washington and British Columbia -- Gillis, 1989
Taming
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1. bluebirds -- Bartlett, 1941
2. bluebirds in captivity -- Butler, 1907
Temperature (see also weather)
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1. effects on nesting dates -- Brittner, 1990
2. nesting boxes -- Patterson, 1980; Zeleny, 1968a
Tragedy
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1. bird -- Baker, 1942
Trail Management
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1. impact of trail size on productivity -- O'Halloran, 1996
2. Connecticut Bluebird Restoration Project -- Rosgen & Zingo, 1993
3. guide to success -- Scriven, 1993
4. how to establish a trail -- Scharabok, 1997
5. in upper midwest -- Scriven, 1989
6. teaching -- Tuttle, 1994c & 1994d
Transmitter
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1. home range determined by radio telemetry -- Sloan & Carlson, 1980
2. package -- Allen & Sweeney, 1989
3. tail-mounted -- Pitts, 1995
Trapping
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1. automatic, for nest box -- Stewart, 1971
2. bluebirds lured to ground traps -- Nolan, 1954
3. capture techniques -- Gutzke, 1982
4. device for roosting birds -- Jackson, 1977
5. eliminating starlings -- Zimmerman, 1985
6. habituation of bluebirds to trap -- Pinkowski, 1978b
7. hand-net capture -- Gutzke, 1981
8. hole-nesting birds -- Fischer, 1944
9. house sparrows -- Green, 1984; Therrien, 1996
10. radio-controlled -- Kibler, 1968a
11. removing sparrows from top-opening box -- Krueger, 1985
12. simple nest box trap -- Stutchbury & Robertson, 1986
13. snake trap -- Krueger, 1991a
14. solenoid -- Green, 1990
15. variations on sparrow trap -- Trickey, 1984
Usurpation
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1. by second pair of bluebirds -- Pitts, 1986
2. nuthatch evicts bluebirds -- Hartley, 1989
3. sapsucker nest holes -- Erskine & McLaren, 1972
Weather
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1. cold snaps -- Musselman, 1939
2. cold weather killing nestlings -- Zeleny, 1986b
3. early spring snowstorm -- Pitts, 1988a
4. effects of winter on population and reproduction -- Pitts, 1978d
5. food during cold -- Pitts, 1979
6. ice storm -- Laskey, 1951
7. June cold takes toll -- Prescott, 1975
8. late snowstorm -- Houston, 1982
9. long, hot summer -- Power, 1989
10. needs of nestlings in heat -- Tuttle, 1989b
11. severe winter -- Pinkowski, 1979f
12. severe winter and populations -- Graber & Graber, 1979
13. snowstorm in Alabama -- Findlay, 1993
14. snowstorm mortality -- Eller, 1988
15. spring weather a killer -- Corkran, 1992
16. survival at -20o -- Harris, 1990
17. winter -- Zeleny, 1977b
18. winter in Great Lakes -- Powell, 1988
19. winter in maritimes -- Vickery, 1982
20. winter season in midwest prairie -- Peterjohn, 1983
21. winter 1961-1962 -- James, 1962
Woodpeckers
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1. DDT residue in flicker eggs -- Olson, Meeker & Henny, 1977
2. habitat use in forest burn -- Harris, 1982
3. use of bluebird nest box -- Sims, 1998
Wren, House
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1. and nesting bluebirds -- Hempel, 1919
2. choice of nest box -- Lumsden, 1986
3. coping with -- Pollock, 1989
4. DDT affects reproduction -- McCluskey, Thomas & Meslow, 1977
5. down with wren boxes -- Sherman, 1925a
6. function of sticks in house wren nests -- Alworth, 1996
7. nest destruction -- Belles-Isles & Picman, 1996
8. pro and con -- Swanson, 1926
9. problem of wren -- Sherman, 1925b
10. problems -- Zeleny, 1985c
11. removal of old nest material -- Johnson, 1996
12. tragedy -- Frost, 1925
13. vs. bluebirds -- Gardner, 1920; Varner & Birds, 1975; Waring, 1912
